Monitoring Phenology in an Apiary

As a 4th year beekeeper, it seems logical to start tracking the seasonal rhythms of plants and animals. So, I am attempting to keep a Phenology journal for 2026. Tracking phenology observations will offer valuable insights into how my local climate and flora influence honeybee activity and hive productivity. There is value in history and pattern recognition in every facet of our lives.

Enjoy the phenology fun facts below.

Understanding Phenology and Its Role in Beekeeping

Phenology focuses on the timing of biological events such as flowering, leaf-out, and insect emergence. For beekeepers, these events directly affect nectar and pollen availability, which in turn impacts colony growth and honey production. Monitoring phenology helps anticipate hive needs and adjust management practices accordingly. Quite the complicated interdependent web.

Key Phenological Events Observed in the Apiary

• Maple sap flow and flowering: Early March to mid-April

• Apple and cherry blossoms: Mid-April to early May

• Clover and wildflower bloom: Late May through July

• Goldenrod and asters: August to October

  
  

Each event corresponds with changes in bee behavior. During maple bloom, bees increase foraging trips to collect pollen, which supports early brood rearing. The apple and cherry blossoms provide a rich pollen & nectar source that strengthens colony health. Later, clover and wildflowers sustain the bees through summer, while goldenrod and asters offer a critical late-season nectar source.

Honeybee and bumblebees sharing the last harvests from Cosmo blossoms in West Bath.

Environmental Factors Affecting Phenology

Weather patterns strongly influence phenological timing. A late frost can inhibit flowering, decreasing available nectar flow. Conversely, an early warm spell may cause plants to bloom before bees are active, missing vital forage opportunities. A drought will significantly impact honey production- no rain, no nectar, no honey.

In recent years, shifts in temperature and precipitation have altered the timing of key blooms in Sagadahoc County. Beekeepers have noted that maple sap flow now starts about a week earlier than a decade ago. I'm hoping to have some significant data over time in this long-term project (I am hoping for 30 years).

Honeybee savoring Tulsi nectar

Other Reasons I want to do this

• I want to harvest honey at peak times to catch certain plants for flavor and max allergy benefits.

• It will be fun to, over time, have the ability to predict apiary needs using history.

• When I am old I can say "back in MY day..." with confidence and written proof.

• More time spent in the apiaries capturing data is less time spent doing more "important" things.

• Perhaps I will gain insights into my own place in nature and the minute ways phenology affects me.

For the love of bees